I grew up driving a 1983 Toyota truck, a slow, four-cylinder 4×4 Hilux that was my parents’ answer to a question too many police officers asked me in my short 16 and a half years on this planet: “Son, do you know how fast you were driving?” Although it was a lot slower than the

Perhaps ironically, one of the dumbest remaining parts of a modern, electronically controlled combustion engine is the cylinder head. Sure, many of them can alter valve timing and lift, but not infinitely, not very quickly, and never on a per-cylinder, per-combustion-event basis. Great engineering minds at Lotus, Ricardo, Valeo, and others have endeavored to replace